There are millions butterflies in the world. One is more beautiful than another. The striking metallic colors of the butterflies' wings change depending on the angle from which they are viewed. The wing color of some species is so pure and intense that it can be seen from about a kilometer away. Researchers try to produce a simplified replica of the butterfly's wing surface, which could help to produce bank notes and credit cards that are harder to forge and solar cells that are more efficient at collecting energy from the sun. Butterflies are not only beautiful, they amaze scientists with their instinctive wisdom as well. Butterflies have a solar compass that is fixed to the position of the sun, and they use a remarkably accurate circadian clock—a biological function based on the 24-hour day—to make corrections for the sun’s movement. Thanks to this navigational system, the Monarch butterflies from vast areas of North America migrate more than a thousand miles to a small area of Mexico. Even though they have never been to Mexico before, they find their way, often to the same trees where their great-grandparents roosted the previous year. Scientists study butterflies to find ways to create better navigation devices.

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